Battle Cats Wiki
Register
Advertisement
For the enemies, see Crazed Cow Cat (Enemy Unit) or Manic Lion Cat (Enemy Unit).

Crazed Cow Cat is a Super Rare Cat unlocked by completing the event stage The Crazed Cow appearing on the 15th of every month. True Form increases his movement speed. In The Battle Cats POP!, you can get him from Rare Cat Capsules after completing Cosmic Club in Ch. 3 Interstellar Invasion. In The Battle Cats Unite!, the stage where you can obtain this unit appears every Wednesday.

Cat Unit # 095
Super Rare Cat

Crazed Cow Cat
095 1

Crazed Giraffe Cat
095 2

Manic Lion Cat
095 3


Evolution[]

Evolves into Crazed Giraffe Cat at level 10.

Evolves into Manic Lion Cat when obtained from Cow Maniac and is level 20 or above.

Performance[]

Pros[]

  • Area Attack
  • High health
  • Fast attack rate and animation
  • Very high movement speed

Cons[]

  • Short range
  • Low attack power
Class
Rusher
In order to classify Cat Units, see here
Classification does not include Talents

Strategy/Usage[]

Often used as a gap filler to slow the advance between a slow-attacking, Area Attack enemy with high attack power, such as Dark Emperor Nyandam and his variants. Use immediately after the slow-attacking enemy attacks in order to stop them from moving forward.

This cat's extremely quick movement, attack rate and recharge time make him very useful for clearing easy stages quickly, especially considering his inclusion in Crazy Hearts. This in turn also helps with getting the Timed Score Rewards on some stages.

True Form[]

Manic Lion Cat is simply even faster than his prior forms, allowing him to cheese certain stages. He combos well with Awakened Bahamut Cat and other rushers as they also have high movement speed.

In some stages, he can be used effectively against Long Distance enemies such as Dolphina or Mr. Mole, as he has an easy time entering their blind spots. This is most viable in The Sauna Crew.

Cat Combos

Combo Name Cats Combo Effect
Crazy Hearts (進撃の狂乱ネコ) Crazed CatCrazed Tank CatCrazed Axe CatCrazed Gross CatCrazed Cow Cat Starting Money UP (L)
Headbanger's Ball (チームヘッドバンギング) Cow CatCrazed Cow CatRocker Cat Starting Money UP (M)
Heavenly Kings (韋駄天トリオ) Immortal YukimuraAwakened Bahamut CatManic Lion Cat "Massive Damage" Effect UP (Sm)

Description[]

Switch EN/JP

Cat Unit # 095 Super Rare Cat
Crazed Cow Cat
Uni095 f00
EN Description
Thinks quick, acts quick, and uses his head.
Runs like the wind!
Crazed Version grants Area Attack
Crazed Giraffe Cat
Uni095 c00
EN Description
Thinks quick, acts quick, and uses his head.
Headbangs only to Rock'n'Roll!
Crazed Version grants Area Attack
Manic Lion Cat
Uni095 s00
EN Description
An excellent, agile character.
Though Manic, his magnificent mane
somehow grants him godspeed (Area Atk)
Cat Unit # 095 Super Rare Cat
狂乱のウシネコ (Kyōran no Ushi Neko, Crazed Cow Cat)
Uni095 f00
JP Script
俊敏な動きで移動力に優れたキャラ
攻撃回数と移動スピードはハンパない
狂乱となることで範囲攻撃をマスター
EN Translation
A character with excellent speed and agility
His attack rate and movement speed are astonishing
Mastered Area Attacks by becoming Crazed
狂乱のキリンネコ (Kyōran no Kirin Neko, Crazed Giraffe Cat)
Uni095 c00
JP Script
俊敏な動きで移動力に優れたキャラ
長い首でのヘッドバンギングが笑える
狂乱となることで範囲攻撃をマスター
EN Translation
A character with excellent speed and agility
His headbanging with his long neck is amusing
Mastered Area Attacks by becoming Crazed
大狂乱のネコライオン (Dai Kyōran no Neko Raion, Manic Lion Cat)
Uni095 s00
JP Script
俊敏な動きで移動力に優れたキャラ
神々しいタテガミは何かご利益があると噂される
大狂乱となることで更なる神速をゲット(範囲攻撃)
EN Translation
A character with excellent speed and agility
His godly mane is rumored to have some kind of benefit
Becoming Manic has given him further godspeed (Area Attack)

Cost[]

  • Chapter 1: 500¢
  • Chapter 2: 750¢
  • Chapter 3: 1,000¢

Upgrade Cost

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0x071,90073,90076,90079,90082,90086,90090,90095,900101,900761,100
1x139,800143,800147,800153,800159,800165,800173,800181,800191,800203,8001,662,000
2x209,700215,700221,700230,700239,700248,700260,700272,700287,700305,7002,493,000
3x244,650251,650258,650269,150279,650290,150304,150318,150335,650356,6502,908,500
4x279,600287,600295,600307,600319,600331,600347,600363,600383,600407,6003,324,000
Total XP Cost 11,148,600
  • Level 30-59 upgrades cost Catseyes: 30-44 and 50-54 = 1 Catseye, 45-49 and 55-59 = 2 Catseyes

Stats[]

Crazed Cow Cat
Health Attack Power Attack Range Attack Frequency Movement Speed Knockback Attack animation Recharge Time
1,800 HP 47 damage
(141 DPS)
140 10f 0.33 seconds 50 5 times 6f 0.2s
(4f 0.13s backswing)
13 ~ 4.2 seconds
Health (Lv.30) Attack Power (Lv.30) Attack Type Special Ability
26,100 HP 682 damage
(2,046 DPS)
Area Attack -
Crazed Giraffe Cat
Health (Lv.30) Attack Power (Lv.30) Attack Range Attack Frequency Movement Speed Knockback Attack animation Recharge Time
26,100 HP 682 damage
(2,046 DPS)
140 10f 0.33 seconds 50 5 times 6f 0.2s
(4f 0.13s backswing)
13 ~ 4.2 seconds
Attack Type Special Ability
Area Attack -
Manic Lion Cat
Health (Lv.30) Attack Power (Lv.30) Attack Range Attack Frequency Movement Speed Knockback Attack animation Recharge Time
26,100 HP 682 damage
(2,046 DPS)
140 10f 0.33 seconds 66 5 times 6f 0.2s
(4f 0.13s backswing)
13 ~ 4.2 seconds
Lv.MAX Attack Type Special Ability
Lv.50 Area Attack -
*First stats are 1st form's initial; other stats include 300% Empire of Cats Treasures; recharge time may vary.
*Time between attacks is the time from the attack's execution to the start of the next attack (includes backswing).
*For units with multi-hit attacks, attack animation is the part of the animation leading up to the first hit.
*Fruit Treasures not included.
*See this section to calculate Crazed Cow Cat's stats.

  • HP = Health ; AP = Attack Power ; DPS = Damage Per Second ; 2 Movement Speed = 1 Range/f
  • f = frame ; 30f = 1 second ; Attack Animation = Idle + Foreswing + Backswing (f)
  • Catseye, User Rank and game progress are essential to achieving max level, see here for details.
  • See here to understand Treasure effects.

Appearance[]

  • Normal Form: Appears very similar to the original Cow Cat, but with black markings on his back, the same eyes as the other Crazed Cats, and longer horns, with one being broken.
  • Evolved Form: Looks like the original Giraffe Cat, but with black markings and the Crazed eyes.
  • True Form: Lion Cat is unhinged! Now has an enormous black mane, as well as black highlights all over his body, and has a flame at the end of his tail.

Gallery

The Battle Cats Wiki has a gallery for Crazed Cow Cat (Super Rare Cat).
Uni095 f00
Visit this page to see it.
Uni095 f00

Trivia[]

  • Manic Lion Cat's appearance may have been inspired by the lions in Karajishi, a famous sliding door painting by Kanō Eitoku.

Reference[]


Units Release Order:

<< Crazed Gross Cat | Crazed Bird Cat >>


Cat Units (13.2)
Normal Cats
CatTank CatAxe CatGross CatCow CatBird CatFish CatLizard CatTitan CatSuperfeline
Special Cats
Purchasable The Cat GodNinja CatSumo CatSamurai CatZombie CatCats in a BoxBoogie CatBondage CatDom CatKung Fu CatActress CatSkirt CatPanties CatMr.
Bonus Drop Tricycle CatBean CatsMonekoValkyrie CatBahamut CatUrurun WolfLi'l NyandamRed Riding MinaMiyamoku MusashiHermit CatMasked YulalaMaster UrilMecha-BunCat God the GreatCrazed MonekoFilibuster Cat XDogumaruUrs & FenrirIdi:NElder Mask DoronJagando Jr.Elder Beast NaalaAncient Egg: N001Ancient Egg: N003Ancient Egg: N004Ancient Egg: N000Ancient Egg: N005Ancient Egg: N006Master of Mind SoractesBun Bun Monger PrototypePC
Easter Eggs Flower Cat
Serial Code (removed feature) Capsule Cat[?]Toy Machine CatMasked CatBlue ShinobiMaiko CatCabaret Cat [?]Cat Bros [?]Hikakin [?]GodSquish Ball Cat[?]Yamaoka MinoriNakamura Kanae
Li'l Cats Li'l CatLi'l Tank CatLi'l Axe CatLi'l Gross CatLi'l Cow CatLi'l Bird CatLi'l Fish CatLi'l Lizard CatLi'l Titan Cat
Special Events Cat BrosSquish Ball CatKabuto CatKuwagata CatAncient Egg: N202Million-Dollar CatFirecracker CatSecret Crush CatTomboy Lion CatChalkboard Eraser CatAncient Egg: N201Class Rep CatAncient Egg: N203Medal King Cat
Region exclusives NekondoBCKRCuckoo Crew 12BCKRBaozi CatBCTWCatburgerBCEN+BCJPCrazed Baozi CatBCTWCat Slave ChocolateBCTWGummy CatBCJPWafer CatBCJPGold Brick CatXiaoqiong & CatBCJPAnn & CatBCJP10 Years on a Stone CatBCJP
Misc. Cat Boy
PC MomoPCNew Year MomoPCNeko-Musume CatPC
Switch Cat Bros[?]SwitchKabuto Cat[?]SwitchKuwagata Cat[?]SwitchCorodragon[?]SwitchUndies Cat Jr.[?]SwitchMallet Cat[?]SwitchManga Cat[?]SwitchManga Boogie Cat[?]SwitchManga Daragogogo Cat[?]Switch
Rare Cats
Rare Cat Capsule Pogo CatWheel CatSalon CatJurassic CatViking CatPirate CatThief CatBishop CatFortune Teller CatShaman CatWitch CatArcher CatSwordsman CatTin CatCat Gunslinger Stilts Cat Rocker CatMer-CatPsychocatOnmyoji CatGardener CatWelterweight CatRover CatMatador CatWushu Cat
Monthly Events Sports Day CatSalaryman CatReindeer Fish CatAdult CatEvil CatDoll CatsMaiden CatKoi CatMadam BrideVacation QueenVengeful CatKung Fu Cat X
Celebration Stages Marshmallow CatCat Kart RPumpcatA Gift of CatsAwa-Odori CatFood Stall CatKiller CatEggy CatSlug Jockey CatCat BrosKiller Tank Cat
Cyclone Stages Space CatBronze CatRope Jump CatClockwork CatHoop CatDrumcorps CatVolley CatPrimordial CatAku Researcher
Advent Stages Curling CatGlass CatLone Cat and KittenMightycatMedusa CatSlime CatCossack CatTeacher BearCatRugby CatPhantom CatBakery CatStone CatPied Piper CatCalligraphy CatJetpack CatMaize Cat
Catnip Challenges Ancient Egg: N101Ancient Egg: N102Ancient Egg: N103Ancient Egg: N104Ancient Egg: N105Ancient Egg: N106Ancient Egg N107Ancient Egg N109Ancient Egg N110Ancient Egg N112
Region exclusives Hiroshi MiharaBCTWMaji Cat & Cat Tour GroupBCTWHAPPIBCTW
Super Rare Cats
Rare Cat Capsule Hip Hop CatSushi CatNerd CatKotatsu CatApple CatSwimmer CatBath CatDelinquent CatBodhisattva CatJuliet CatWeightlifter CatFigure Skating CatsCat ToasterSurfer CatVaulter CatFencer CatNymph Cat
Rare Cat Capsule Bonus Gold CatNeneko (Gloomy NenekoSunny NenekoYears-End NenekoEaster NenekoValentine's Neneko) • Cat Base MiniMetal Cat
Reinforcements Freshman Cat JobsRich Cat IIISniper the Recruit
Grandon Mining Corps Driller CatPiledriver CatCutter CatBackhoe CatMiter Saw Cat
Halloween Capsules Brainwashed CatBrainwashed Fish Cat
Xmas Gals Brainwashed Tank CatBrainwashed Lizard Cat
White Day Brainwashed Titan Cat
Gals of Summer Suntan CatLifeguard CatsBrainwashed Bird Cat
Easter Carnival Brainwashed Gross Cat
Valentine Gals Brainwashed Axe Cat
June Bride Brainwashed Cow Cat
Special Events Good-Luck Ebisu
Crazed Cats Crazed CatCrazed Tank CatCrazed Axe CatCrazed Gross CatCrazed Cow CatCrazed Bird CatCrazed Fish CatCrazed Lizard CatCrazed Titan Cat
Cyclone Stages CatornadoCheerleader Cat
Advent Stages CatwayLittle Leaguer CatExpress Cat
Catnip Challenges Ancient Egg N108Ancient Egg N111
Uber Rare Cats
The Dynamites Ice Cat (Lilith Cat) • Cat MachineLesser Demon Cat (Lovestruck Lesser Demon) • Marauder CatBaby CatNurse Cat (Yuletide Nurse) • Cat Clan HeroesLasvossSummoner Satoru (Rabbit Satoru) • Cat TenguCat MaidPC
Tales of the Nekoluga Nekoluga (Summerluga) • AsilugaKubilugaTecolugaBalaluga (Betrothed Balaluga) • TogelugaNobilugaPapalugaFurilugaKaolugaMimilugaPC
Sengoku Wargods Vajiras Sanada Yukimura (Count Yukimura) • Maeda Keiji (Keiji Claus) • Oda NobunagaDate MasamuneTakeda ShingenUesugi Kenshin (Springtime Kenshin) • Imagawa YoshimotoNarita KaihimeShiro AmakusaHattori HanzoHonda TadakatsuPC
Cyber Academy
Galaxy Gals
Windy (Hallowindy) • Thundia (Spooky Thundia) • Kuu (Santa KuuWaverider Kuu) • Kai (Frosty KaiSeashore Kai) • Coppermine (Holy Coppermine Seabreeze Coppermine) • Kalisa • (Tropical Kalisa) • Twinstars • (Snow Angel Twinstars) • Myrcia (First-Love Myrcia) • Lilin (Night Beach Lilin) • Huntress Terun (Reindeer Terun) • Wise Emperor NobelPC
Lords of Destruction
Dragon Emperors
MegidoraRaidenSodomVars (Skull Rider Vars) • Kamukura (Blooming Kamukura) • DioramosGanglionRelentless GladiosHevijak the WickedSea Serpent DaliasanNuclear Dragon King BeriusPC
Ancient Heroes
Ultra Souls
Urashima TaroThe Grateful CraneMomotaroKasa JizoPrincess Kaguya (Kaguya of the Coast) • Kachi-KachiSarukaniKintaroShitakiri SparrowIssun BoshiIssun BoushiPC
Dark Heroes AkiraMekako Saionji (Sweet Love Mekako) • CatmanThe White Rabbit (Midsummer Rabbit) • Warlock and Pierre (Bunny & Canard) • HayabusaDetective Vigler (White Butler Vigler) • Sharpshooter Saki (Squirtgun Saki) • White Knight CyclopsThunder JackType-MonshiroPC
The Almighties
The Majestic Zeus
Thunder God ZeusAnubis the ProtectorRadiant Aphrodite (Sweet Aphrodite) • Shining AmaterasuSplendid GaneshaWrathful PoseidonEmpress Chronos (Chronos the Bride) • Hades the PunisherLucifer the FallenLightmother AsetBattle God OdinPC
Frontline Assault
Iron Legion
Mighty Kat-A-PultMighty DrednotMighty BomburrMighty Rekon KorpsMighty Thermae D-LuxMighty Aethur Ltd.Mighty Deth-Troy-RMighty CarrowsellMighty Sphinx KorpsEntangled Wooden Horse JavelinsPC
Girls & Monsters
Angels of Terror
Trickster HimeyuriSea Maiden RuriQueen ReikaWolfchild DealeGraveflower VerbenaAdventurer Kanna • (Coastal Explorer Kanna) • Spectral Goth VegaNinja Girl Tomoe
Nature's Guardians
Elemental Pixies
BoraMizliAerVoliGraviYamiiBlizaTekachi
Red Busters Exclusive Pai-Pai
Air Busters Exclusive Strike Unit R.E.I.Karasu-Tengu TentenPC
Metal Busters Exclusive Sakura Sonic
Wave Busters Exclusive Hell Warden Emma
Colossus Busters Exclusive Goddess of Light Sirius
Zombie Busters Exclusive Kitaro Cat & Nezumi-Otoko CatPC
Fest Exclusive Baby GaoMiko MitamaShadow GaoDark MitamaD'artanyanD'arktanyanKasli the ScourgeKasli the BaneLi'l ValkyrieLi'l Valkyrie DarkBaby GaruDark Aegis GaruPrincess CatIz the DancerIz the Dancer of GriefChild of Destiny PhonoKing of Doom PhonoHatsuyume MikanPCNatsu MikanPC
Serial Code Evangelist Cat
Unimplemented Chicken CatCheetah Cat
Legend Rare Cats
The Dynamites Wonder MOMOCO
Tales of the Nekoluga Legeluga
Sengoku Wargods Vajiras Musashi Miyamoto
Cyber Academy
Galaxy Gals
Headmistress Jeanne
Lords of Destruction
Dragon Emperors
High Lord Babel
Ancient Heroes
Ultra Souls
Ushiwakamaru
Dark Heroes Doktor Heaven
The Almighties
The Majestic Zeus
Gaia the Creator
Frontline Assault
Iron Legion
Mighty Kristul Muu
Girls & Monsters
Angels of Terror
Kyosaka Nanaho
Nature's Guardians
Elemental Pixies
Lumina
Dynasty Fest Emperor Cat
UBERFEST Daybreaker Izanagi
Collaboration Cats (Available on BCEN)
Princess Punt KerihimeCat PrincessSwordsmanCow PrincessPPT48Li'l GauReaperSleeping Beauty PuntYurinchiCrazed Princess PuntHMS PrincessCaletteHinaHerme
Merc Storia CelesseNonoNornSerumOlgaFuuYoichiReiAuraCitrouilleAloisOrthosWyvernMysticaJuvensCorneliaHearschtMicheliaTodomekiHealerMercTitiEyewaltz
Survive! Mola Mola! Meowla MeowlaBaby MolaMola King
Shoumetsu Toshi Takuya & YukiMystery Girl YukiYuki CatCrazed YukiRedhead Yuki CatLost World YukiSouma CatOtaku Geek CatBenevolent SoumaKano & Souma
Metal Slug HYAKUTAROMARCOTARMAERIFIOSV-001ALLEN O'NEILMARS PEOPLEHUGE HERMITJUPITER KINGDONALD MORDENHI-DO
Mr. Ninja!! Fever Mr. Ninja
Neo Mushroom Garden FunghiTankyWhite CatFortressy
Puella Magi
Madoka Magica
Madoka KanameHomura AkemiSayaka MikiMami TomoeKyoko SakuraKyubeyMadoka CatHomura CatSayaka CatMami CatKyoko CatLi'l MadokaLi'l HomuraKyubey CatBebe
Pikotaro PIKOTAROCPAC
MattShea (exclusive) Capsule Cat [?]
Crash Fever MobiusBelialHappy 100
Fate/stay night
[Heaven's Feel]
SaberRin TohsakaIllyasvielArcherLancerRiderGilgameshSaber the CatSakura the CatRin the CatIllya the CatLi'l ShirouLi'l SakuraSakura MatouShirou the CatArcher the CatRider the CatKotomine & Gilgamesh Cats
PowerPro Baseball Satori Hikami & CatAkio YabeSairi NijitaniMisaki KonnoRen KatagiriKarin NekozukaAoi HayakawaMizuki TachibanaHijiri RokudoSaki NijimaSubaru HoshiMiyabi Oyama
Mentori MentoriImoto
Evangelion Kaworu & CatGendo & Fuyutsuki CatsGiraffe Unit-01Shinji & CatRei CatAsuka CatMari CatKaworu & CatMari IllustriousAsuka LangleyRei AyanmiMisato KatsuragiRitsuko AkagiRei Ayanami (???)Eva Unit-00Eva Unit-01Eva Unit-02Shinji CatMoon OperatorsEva Unit-08AAA WunderNight Oracle ReiThe 4th AngelThe 6th AngelThe 10th AngelThe 9th AngelOne-Eyed AsukaEva Unit-13
LINE Pokopang! PokotaOvisCoco
Betakkuma BetakkumaNekokkuma
Bikkuriman Black ZeusSuper ZeusHoly PhoenixSuper DevilSatanmariaHeracristShaman KhanFiendish NeroHoly Knight AlibabaPrince YamatoRosary AngelWakamiko CatCat DevilNekonosukeHeavenly Jack
Shakurel Planet Shakurel CatShakurel LionShakurel TigerShakurel Panda
Street Fighter V Ryu CatChun-Li CatAkumaRyuChun-LiGuileZangiefBlankaDhalsimKenAkuma GiraffeE. HondaBalrogVegaSagatM. BisonC. HondaM. Bison CatBalrog CatSagat CatVega CatSakuraLuke
Hatsune Miku Hatsune MikuSakura MikuKagamine Rin & LenMegurine LukaMEIKO & CatLuka CatMiku CatHatsune Miku: MM2020 OsakaHatsune Miku: MM2020 TokyoSnow Miku 2021Kaito & CatNeko RinNeko LenHatsune Miku XVI
Ranma 1/2 Ranma Saotome (M)Akane TendoRyoga Hibiki (Pig)Shampoo (Cat)Mousse (Duck)Ranma Saotome (Leotard)HapposaiUkyo Kuonji (GR)Tatewaki Kuno (Gi)Genma Saotome (Panda)Ranma Cat (M)Akane CatPanda Cat
Godzilla Godzilla Cat
River City Ransom Kunio-kunHigh School Kingpin Riki
World Trigger Osamu Mikumo & CatYuma Kuga & CatChika Amatori & Cat
Collaboration Cats (BCJP only)
Hometown Self-Defense Force Type 10
Google Android Droid Cat
Million Arthur NimueClone Elle
Dragon Poker Monkey KingRed Marron
Final Boss Strikes?! Cabaret Cat [?]
Tutorial Tutorial Cat
Dragon League Dragon League SwordsmanNubobo
Kishidan Ayanokōji ShōSaotome HikaruSaionji HitomiHoshi GuranmanieShiratori ShōchikubaiYankee Cat
Yakuza Apocalypse Mob Cat
Monster Hunter FelyneSheria - KirinRathalosRathianKirin Cat
Yurudrasil OdenJunior God of Light - ValkyrieJunior God BrynhildrJunior God SuruzuGoddess of Abundance - FreyaGod of War - Odin
Castle & Dragon SwordsmanHorsemen CavalryAshuraBattle BalloonDragon RiderPretty CatCyclopsGolemWhite Swordsman CatLi'l Clops Cat Egg
Nyan-Puzzle & Nebaaru-kun NyamusuPochiKuromiSetsukoNebaaru-kun
Gals Mons Undead Cat
Y! Mobile Futenyan
Cat Busters Neko Hakase
Nazousagi Nazousagi
Gudetama Gudetama CatGudetama PlateGudegude PuddingNisetama ArmyGude-Cat Machine
Ganma Manga Nora
Honey Toast Café Akihabara Honeyto-Kun
Get On! Kyoto City Subway Moe Uzumasa & CatSaki Matsuga & CatMisa Ono & CatRei Uzumasa & Cat
Hikakin Hikakin [?]
Yuru-i GeGeGe no Kitarou: Youkai Dotabata Daisensou KitarouMedama-OyajiNeko-Musume
Tokyo Skytree Sorakara
Nissin U.F.O. U.F.O. CatYakisoba Cat
JRA Cat Giraffe ModokiCatnip TrickyCatnip Dragon
Kaohsiung Rapid Transit Nana & CatEmilia & Cat
Shin Japan Heroes Universe Kamen Rider CatCat GodzillaEvangelion CatUltraman Cat
Related to Cat Units
Full Cat ListCat Release OrderCat FilterSpecial AbilitiesTrue FormUltra FormCat CapsuleCat ComboUpgrade MenuLevel-upUser RankCatseyeCatfruitTalentsTalent Orbs
Advertisement